PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a leading technology for the environmentally friendly production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to divide water into its constituent molecules: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a selective barrier, allowing protons to pass through while blocking the passage of charges. This

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant developments in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements include improvements in catalyst materials, membrane efficiency, and system configuration. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly viable for various applica